Reinforcement learning (RL)-based brain machine interfaces (BMIs) assist paralyzed people in controlling neural prostheses without the need for real limb movement as supervised signals.The design of reward signal significantly impacts the learning efficiency of the RL-based decoders.Existing reward designs in the RL-based BMI framework rely on exte
We present a general epidemic model to describe the spread of an infectious disease in several regions connected by transportation.We take into account that infected individuals not smokeaers.shop only carry the disease to a new place while traveling from one region to another, but transmit the disease during travel as well.We obtain that a model s
Tourism has been one of the fastest growing industries and it makes important contributions on economies.Based on this, the literature aims to determine the factors affecting tourism demand behavior.In this paper, we analyze the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on both total and personal outbound travel expenditures in the panel data of